Is a leader born or created?

With Jobs’ passing, It’s made me think about traits theory-whether or not a leader is born or created?

Unfortunately, no one knows. Back in the day, people believed that biological factors (being tall) played a role in leadership.   My personal opinion is that this is true but to a certain point.  I believe that such traits such as intelligence, energy and confidence only provide a starting point for a leader.  Research shows leaders were shown to be non-distinguishable from other people in terms of intelligence and abilities.  Look at Gates and Buffet- both introverted leaders who don’t possess the personality or physical traits that attribute to leadership.  Whether you think its luck, innate or environment, leaders come from all walks of life and have emerged and remained through their own merit. 

Here’s  Colin Powell’s 18 principals of leadership:  

1. “Being responsible sometimes means pissing people off.”

2. “The day soldiers stop bringing you their problems is the day you have stopped leading them. They have either lost confidence that you can help them or concluded that you do not care. Either case is a failure of leadership.”

3. “Don’t be buffaloed by experts and elites. Experts often possess more data than judgment. Elites can become so inbred that they produce hemophiliacs who bleed to death as soon as they are nicked by the real world.”

4. “Don’t be afraid to challenge the pros, even in their own backyard.”

5. “Never neglect details. When everyone’s mind is dulled or distracted the leader must be doubly vigilant.”

6. “You don’t know what you can get away with until you try.”

7. “Keep looking below surface appearances. Don’t shrink from doing so (just) because you might not like what you find.”

8. “Organization doesn’t really accomplish anything. Plans don’t accomplish anything, either. Theories of management don’t much matter. Endeavors succeed or fail because of the people involved. Only by attracting the best people will you accomplish great deeds.”

9. “Organization charts and fancy titles count for next to nothing.”

10. “Never let your ego get so close to your position that when your position goes, your ego goes with it.”

11. “Fit no stereotypes. Don’t chase the latest management fads. The situation dictates which approach best accomplishes the team’s mission.”

12. “Perpetual optimism is a force multiplier.”

13. Powell’s Rules for Picking People: “Look for intelligence and judgment and, most critically, a capacity to anticipate, to see around corners. Also look for loyalty, integrity, a high energy drive, a balanced ego and the drive to get things done.”

14. “Great leaders are almost always great simplifiers, who can cut through argument, debate and doubt, to offer a solution everybody can understand.” (borrowed from Michael Korda)

15. “Use the formula P=40 to 70, in which P stands for the probability of success and the numbers indicate the percentage of information acquired. Once the information is in the 40 to 70 range, go with your gut.”

16. “The commander in the field is always right and the rear echelon is wrong, unless proved otherwise.”

17. “Have fun in your command. Don’t always run at a breakneck pace. Take leave when you’ve earned it: Spend time with your families. Corollary: Surround yourself with people who take their work seriously, but not themselves, those who work hard and play hard.”

18. “Command is lonely.”